Introduction: Significance and Basic principles of organic chemistry. Bonds in organic compounds. Acids and bases, electrophiles and nucleophiles: Functional groups as center reactivity of organic compounds. Basic concepts of stereochemistry. Alkanes: Structural and physical properties, nomenclature. Reaction alkanes. Cycloalkanes: nomenclature, structure and physical properties. Chirality generally and chiral molecules: Stereoisomerism, optical activity, stereocenter .. Haloalkane. Alcohols: Acid-base properties, synthesis. Ethers and analogues of alcohols and ethers with sulfur: Alkenes Parameters pi-bond unsaturation. Preparation of alkenes by elimination, dehydration. Reaction. Alkynes and triple bond: Parameters triple bond. Preparation and reactions of alkynes. Benzene and aromaticity: benzene structure. Polycyclic aromatic compounds. Flavours-reaction: Electrophilic aromatic substitution. Phenols and nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Electrophilic substitution of phenols, oxidation of phenols. Azo dyes. Aldehydes and ketones: Reaction of a carbonyl group. Carboxylic acids and their derivatives: Acid-base properties of the carboxylic acids. Addition-elimination mechanism of substitution of the carboxyl carbon. Amines and their derivatives, and other functional groups containing nitrogen: Acid-base properties and synthesis of amines. Quaternary ammonium salts. Dicarbonyl compound. Heterocycles: Aromatic and nonaromatic five-membered and six-membered heterocycles with nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
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