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Lecturer(s)
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Šmíd Jan, PhDr. Mgr. Ph.D.
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Course content
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1. Establishment of legal thought and philosophy of law, philosophy, ancient philosophical rights 2. Overview of natural law thoughts - from Aristotle to the Middle Ages 3. Modern natural right - from Hobbes to the present 4. Overview of the development of legal positivism 5. Climax of legal positivism (Kelsen, Weyr) 6. Other movements, e.g. Socio-legal 7. Kant: human rights as a principle of reciprocity; personality and human dignity: the right of humanity in our person; concretization of human rights in the state; Hegel: a critique of human rights as abstract rights 8. Hart and his controversy with Fuller and Dworkin. 9. Institutionalism - MacCormick, Weinberger 10. Discourse Theory - Habermas and Alexy 11. The right or good? Přibáň versus Holländer 12. The rights in postmodern era
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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unspecified, unspecified, unspecified, unspecified
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Learning outcomes
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The aim of the course is to get students acquainted with the philosophy of law, and in the examples of various approaches of legal philosophy demonstrate basic problems of Philosophy of law (e.g. Natural law, social contract, legal positivism), particularly with regard to human rights. In the course there will be given historical overview of the topic: Hobbes as a forerunner of the idea of universal human rights. Philosophy of Human Rights in the age of Enlightenment (Locke, Kant). Hegel and his criticism of human rights. It will not have been left out factual analysis of the problems and criticisms of given movements. In conclusion, the course will be focused on current state of knowledge and current legal philosophical discussion.
Student will be able to understand complex philosophical and legal theories, he/she will know their deeper philosophical background and context, will be able to compare and know the debates between different movements. He/She will be able to create his/her own idea of individual movements and their strengths and weaknesses. He/She will be able to describe their basic features, individually competently discuss and formulate their own opinions.
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Prerequisites
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None. Students must be able to read and understand more complicated philosophical texts and discuss them.
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Assessment methods and criteria
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unspecified
To obtain an exam: student must write an essay, defense it and take and oral exam (interview) on the topics of the course.
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Recommended literature
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ALEXY, Robert. Pojem a platnosť práva. Bratislava, 2009. ISBN 978-80-87134-46-7.
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DWORKIN, Ronald. Když se práva berou vážně. Praha, 2001. ISBN 80-7298-022-X.
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FULLER, Lon L. Morálka práva. Praha, 1998. ISBN 80-860-0565-8.
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HART, H. L. A. Pojem práva. Praha, 2004. ISBN 8072601032.
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HEGEL, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich. Základy filosofie práva. Praha, 1992. ISBN 80-200-0296-0.
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HOLLÄNDER, Pavel. Filosofie práva. Plzeň, 2012. ISBN 978-80-7380-366-7.
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PŘIBÁŇ, Jiří a Pavel HOLLÄNDER. Právo a dobro v ústavní demokracii: polemické a kritické úvahy.. Praha, 2011. ISBN 978-807-4190-452.
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PŘIBÁŇ, Jiří. Suverenita, právo a legitimita v kontextu moderní filosofie a sociologie práva. Praha, 1997. ISBN 80-718-4470-5.
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SCHMITT, Carl. Pojem politična. Praha, 2013. ISBN 978-80-7298-491-6.
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SOBEK, Tomáš. Právní myšlení: kritika moralismu. Praha, 2011. ISBN 978-807-3803-117.
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SOUSEDÍK, Stanislav. Svoboda a lidská práva: jejich přirozenoprávní základ : esej.. Praha, 2010. ISBN 978-807-4290-367.
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ŠMÍD, Jan. Přirozené právo jako nutný výsledek kritiky pozitivismu? (část doktorské práce), Distance : Revue pro kritické myšlení. 2003, 6.ročník, 4.číslo. Praha, 2003.
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ŠMÍD, Jan. Thomas Hobbes a nástup novověkého přirozeného práva, Distance : Revue pro kritické myšlení, 2006, roč. 9, č. 4, s. 54-66. Praha, 2006.
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