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Lecturer(s)
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Konrádová Veronika, Mgr. Ph.D.
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Course content
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1. Introduction and terminology: "cosmos", "cosmology", "cosmogony" and "theogony". 2. Homer: mythical topography and the world depiction on Achilles' shield. 3. Hesiod: the Theogony, cosmos and chaos, the establishment of the world order; space and time. 4. Presocratic cosmology: Anaximander's idea of equilibrium and symmetric cosmos. 5. Plato: a cosmological vision of the Timaeus, mathematical atomism, geometric structure of the cosmos, space and time. 6. Plato: a cosmological vision of the Phaedo, the world and the soul. 7. Aristotle: geocentric theory, concentric and spherical model of the cosmos, unmoved mover, Aristotle's conception of time and space. 8. Jan Filoponus vs Aristotle; Aristarchus and ancient heliocentrism. 9. Medieval universe: the Aristotelian model of the cosmos by Thomas Aquinas, creationism and the question of the world's eternity. 10. Renaissance: Nicolaus Cusanus and the idea of infinity, the world as a contracted maximum, complicatio and explicatio. 11. The way to the modern image of the world: Nicolaus Copernicus and the heliocentric model. 12. From the closed world to the open universe: Giordano Bruno, Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei, the concept of homogeneous space, the model of a homogeneous and infinite universe. 13. Discussion of student papers.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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unspecified, unspecified, unspecified, unspecified
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Learning outcomes
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The course presents the roots and development of philosophical ideas about the world. It clarifies the significance of pre-philosophical images of the world and focuses on cosmological models developed in antiquity, on the medieval heritage of the Aristotelian image of the world and subsequently on the radical transformation of the world model in the modern age. It systematically explains the basic concepts of natural philosophy (time, space, movement, matter) and deals with the status of God and man in cosmology (anthropic principle).
The student understands the formation of ideas about the world and the changes of cosmological models. He/she can work with professional literature and is familiar with professional terminology. Can characterize the specifics of individual cosmic visions formulated during the relevant stages of philosophical thinking.
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Prerequisites
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none
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Assessment methods and criteria
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unspecified
Credit is awarded based on a written paper. 75% participation in the seminar is required.
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Recommended literature
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Aristotelés. Fysika. Praha, 1996.
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Aristotelés. O nebi. O vzniku a zániku. Bratislava, 1985.
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Hésiodos. Zpěvy železného věku. Praha, 1990.
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Konrádová, V. Kosmogonické a theogonické motivy v Hésiodově Theogonii. Ústí nad Labem, 2008.
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Koyré, A. Od uzavřeného světa k otevřenému vesmíru. Praha, 2004.
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Luhanová, E. Zrození světa. Kosmologie básníka Hésioda. Červený Kostelec, 2014.
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Patočka, J. - Floss, P. Mikuláš Kusánský. Život a dílo renesančního filosofa, matematika a politika. Praha, 2001.
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Platón. Timaios. Kritias. Praha, 1996.
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Rezek. Mýtus, epos a logos. Praha, 1991.
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Rezek, P. (vyd.). Kosmos a živly. Praha, 1992.
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RÖD, , Wolfgang. Novověká filosofie I. ISBN 8072980394.
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Svoboda, K. Zlomky předsokratovských myslitelů. Praha, 1989.
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Vernant, J.-P. Hestia a Hermés. Praha, 2004.
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