1) Contents of biotechnology - stages of evolution, application of biotechnological processes, advantages and hazards, relations of biotechnology to chemical engineering 2) Raw material basis of biotechnology - sources of carbon nitrogen, phosphor, utilization of the industrial waste, agriculture and the utilization of the communal waste 3) Characteristics of production microorganisms - basic structure of the microbial cells, differences between procaryotical and eucaryotical microorganisms, principles of function subcellular compartments of eucaryotes, influence of abiotic and biotic factors of environment for microorganisms. 4) Metabolism and bioenergetics of microorganisms -division of microorganisms on the point of metabolic principles, microorganims with respiratory chain, aerobic and anaerobic chemoorganothrophical and chemolithothrophical microorganisms, photolithothrophical and photoorganothrophical microorganisms, participation of microorganisms in biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen and sulphur. 5) Biotechnological application of fermentations - ethanolic, lactic, acetone-butanolic, butyric, propionic and glycerol fermentation 6) Cultivation of microorganisms - kinetics of growth and reproduction of microorganisms, differences between submerged and emerged cultivations, theory of continual cultivation, specifics of cultivation of animal cells, natural and inductive mutagenesis, differences between turibidistat and chemostat, methods of storage of microorganisms, mutation search breeding, most important types of mutants 7) Production devices for biotechnological processes - basic structure of the microbial processes, classification of bioreactors, differences between continual, batch and fed batch cultivation, aeration of bioreactors and methods of determination of the aeration capacity , mixture, sterilization of cultivating medium and air, methods of separation and purification of products of fermentations proceses 8) Application of biotechnology in industry - production of ethanol by fermentation, production of organic acids, production and utilization of dextran, production of aminoacids and vitamins, characteristics, classification and production of antibiotics 9) Production of microbial biomass amd the application in food and feeding, production of yeast 10) Enzymatic engineering - production of enzymes and the industrial application, immobilisation of biocatalyzers 11) Genetic engineering - technology of recombination of DNA, characteristics and types of vectors, production of human insulin on the basic of recombination of DNA 12) Bioecological functions of microorganisms - biodeterioration and biodegradation , biodegradation of soils contaminants, biodegradation of petropolutants and polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCB ), biochemical utilization of hydrocarbons by microorganisms, technology of bioremediation ( in situ, ex situ ) 13) Biometallurgy - direct and indirect leaching of ore 14) Production of biogas and its utilization - methanogenesis, production of landfill gas
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