1. PC development, computer generations, basic technical characteristics, main representatives, I/O devices. 2. Architecture of digital computers: types and importance of architectures, uses, principles. Construction: main components, types of computers, computer cases, noise and cooling, ergonomics. 3. Motherboard and bus architecture: motherboard, chipset and controller architectures (Northbridge, Southbridge). BIOS, UEFI. 4. Types and development of peripheral buses, data transmission in the computer system: basic division, standards, characteristics, use, comparison. 5. Basic terms from processor technology, microprocessor structure, socket, processor architecture (RISC, CISC). Arithmetic-logic unit, controller, flag register, advanced architectures. 6. Internal structure of microprocessors, instructions. Instruction set, machine cycle (pipelining, superscalar architecture). Addresses and addressing methods in real and protected mode. 7. Memories: general distribution, memory types, general parameters. Semiconductor memories of the ROM/RWM type: types, parameters, principle of operation, use. Memory modules: types and development. Buffers and caches: use, principles of operation. SSD: technology, principle of operation. 8. Physical structure of hard disks: construction, parameters, principle of reading and writing data encoding. Addressing sectors. Interface for communication with the environment, interface for connecting hard drives. RAID array: types, implementation, advantages. 9. Logical structure of hard disks: MBR, disk partition. File system FAT and NTFS: principle of operation, advantages and disadvantages. 10. Optical discs: construction of CD/DVD/BD drives, principles, media. Data encoding and file systems. Magneto-optical discs: construction, physical principles, advantages and disadvantages. Other memory systems. 11. Display units and graphic subsystem: physical principle and scheme of CRT, types, parameters. Physical principle of LCD, cell diagram, types (TN, IPS, VA), parameters. Plasma and 3D technologies. OLED. Graphics adapter: GPU, graphics memory. Graphics pipeline. 12. Sound subsystem: sound recording, digitization, recording quality. Interface. Sound playback, FM synthesis, wave table synthesis, I/O interface. 13. Peripherals. I/O devices: keyboard, mouse, printers (types, principles of operation), scanner, touchpad. Interfaces for communication with the environment: parallel × serial interfaces, types, description, comparison (USB, DisplayPort, Thunderbolt, etc.). Content of exercises (includes work with the use of a virtual machine) Security, computer assembly design, OS installation and configuration, scripting/automation of activities, backup, RAID array Content of laboratories 1. PC building, hardware type troubleshooting, PC maintenance 2. measurement of physical characteristics (voltage, current, power, etc.), diagnostics and testing
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