Detailed Course Content: 1. Introduction to Plant Biotechnology The course will begin with an introduction to plant biotechnology, covering its history, significance, and current applications. Students will learn about the organization of plant genomes, including nuclear, chloroplast, and mitochondrial genomes, as well as genetic differences between plants and other organisms. The importance of polyploidy and crop domestication in the context of genetic changes will also be discussed. 2. Plant Tissue Cultures Students will learn the basics of aseptic plant cultivation, including working with explants, embryos, organs, plant tissues, and cells. The course will cover regeneration processes, morphogenesis, and the production of callus cultures. Special attention will be paid to micropropagation methods and the use of these techniques in agriculture and the conservation of endangered plant species. 3. Methods of Plant Genetic Modifications Students will explore both direct and indirect methods of plant genetic transformations, such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens, the biolistic method (gene gun), microinjection, and electroporation. Key elements of genetic constructs, including promoters, selectable markers, and reporter genes, will be discussed. 4. Transgenic Plants and Their Applications This lecture will focus on first- and second-generation genetically modified plants, including crops resistant to herbicides, insect pests, and viruses. Transgenic crops producing secondary metabolites, bioplastics, biofortified foods, and pharmaceutical compounds will also be discussed. 5. Phytoremediation and Bioremediation An essential part of the course will be the use of plants for cleaning contaminated soils and water. Students will learn the principles of phytoremediation, including the removal of heavy metals, organic pollutants, and radionuclides. The ecological benefits of these technologies will be emphasized. 6. Biotechnology and Climate Change Students will explore how biotechnology can help address climate challenges. The development of crops resistant to stress conditions such as drought, soil salinization, and temperature fluctuations will be discussed, along with their role in ensuring food security. 7. Biofuels and Energy Crops The course will cover the topic of energy crops and their use in biofuel production. Students will analyze the advantages and disadvantages of these technologies in the context of sustainability and ecological impacts. 8. Ecological Aspects of Genetic Modifications This lecture will focus on the ecological risks and benefits of genetically modified crops, including their impact on biodiversity and the potential for horizontal gene transfer. Strategies to minimize the negative effects of GMOs will also be discussed. 9. Ethical and Legislative Issues The course will include a discussion of ethical dilemmas associated with biotechnology, such as the use of GMOs and biofortification, as well as the legislation governing biotechnology at both national and international levels. 10. Practical Exercises and Biotechnology Applications The practical part of the course will allow students to experiment with in vitro plant cultivation, micropropagation, and genetic transformation techniques. It will also include the design and implementation of an experiment focused on phytoremediation or the production of secondary metabolites.
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Ondřej, Miloš, and Jaroslav Drobník. Transgenoze rostlin. Academia, 2002.
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Slater A., Scott N., Fowler M. Plant biotechnology: the genetic manipulation of plants. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003..
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Teaching Tools in Plant Biology (The Plant Cell Online). Série volně dostupných výukových materiálů o genetice rostlin, domestikaci a biotechnologiích.
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