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Lecturer(s)
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Vinopal Stanislav, Ing. Ph.D.
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Rupert Marian, Mgr.
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Course content
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1. The internal environment (IE) of the organism and regulation of its physical, chemical and biological stability (homeostasis). 2. Excitability of animal cells. (i) Membrane potential, action potential and its conduction through the axon. Synaptic transmission and types of neurotransmitters. (ii) Types and functions of receptors. Receptor and generator potentials, (iii) Reflexes, their types, pathways and functional manifestations. 3. Types of nervous systems (NS) of animals. Functions of the peripheral NS, spinal cord, brain stem, cerebellum, midbrain, diencephalon and telencephalon. Special sensory organs and cortical analysers. 4. Autonomic nervous system (ANS). Functional morphology of the ANS. Control of motility, secretion, internal organs and homeostasis of the internal environment by the peripheral part of the ANS and brain centers. 5. Higher brain functions. Instincts, drives, learning, memory, emotions, sleep and behavior. 6. Movement and its control. Muscular and non-muscular mechanisms of movement. Functional morphology of myocytes. Motor unit. Types of muscle contraction. Functions of major muscle groups. Neuromuscular junction. Reflex and voluntary motor movements and their neural pathways. 7. Hormones and their integrative role in the body. (i) Definition, classification of hormones and their organ and cellular sources. Receptor reception and transmission of hormonal signals in cells and in the body. Feedback regulatory mechanisms. Functions of hormones in metabolism, growth and reproduction. Growth factors. (ii) Stress and the stress-response. Phylogeny of endocrine regulation. 8. Circulation of body fluids, their chemical composition and compartmentalization. Open and closed circulatory systems. Neurogenic and myogenic types of hearts. Vertebrate cardiac cycle, blood pressure regulation. Composition and function of blood in vertebrates, including human. 9. Immunity, its meaning and forms. Specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in mammals, including human. Immunity disorders (AIDS, allergies, autoimmune diseases, anti-tumour immunity). Transplantation reactions. 10. Metabolism of substances and energy. (i) Caloric and biological value of food. Basal metabolism. Intermediary metabolism (ii) Transport of gases in the body and its chemical and neural regulation. Energy metabolism, including oxidative phosphorylation, (iii) Nervous and humoral regulation of respiration. (iv) Metabolic residues and their excretion. 11. Food intake and processing. Functional anatomy of the gastrointestinal system of animals, including human. (i) Uptake, digestion and absorption of nutrients. (ii) Nervous and humoral regulation of motility, secretion of the gastrointestinal tract and associated organs. Feeding behaviour of animals and its metabolic and neural regulation. 12. Functions of the integument. Thermoregulation and its control. Biorhythms, their significance and regulation. 13. Reproduction. Functions of the sexual organs. Formation of gametes. Nervous, humoral and social regulation of reproduction. Sociobiological and phylogenetic aspects of animal and human reproduction. Competences acquired: Readiness for special zoology, physiology and patobiology Teaching methods: Lectures Demonstrations Lab exercise Assessment methods: A written exam Analysis of students performance during the semestr
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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unspecified, unspecified, unspecified
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Learning outcomes
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The aim is to provide information on function of organs and their systems in various animal species and man with special attention to the integrative role of the nervous, endocrine and immune systems. Each lecture session is followed by practical exercise of organ functions using self-monitoring, simple didactic tools, instrumentation, interactive and simulation PC programs including Virtual Physiology (SimNeuron, SimNerv, SimMuscle, SimHeart, SimVessel), Strathclyde Pharmacology Simulations and Neurolab. Exercises include anatomical models of human organs, fixed small animal organs including in situ organ preparations and microscopic preparations.
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Prerequisites
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Teaching in English is meant only for erasmus and foreign students. In the case of a small number of students is teaching in a form of individual consultations. Readiness for special zoology, physiology and patobiology
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Assessment methods and criteria
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unspecified
Laboratories: Presence at the laboratory sessions. Laboratory protocols. Final credit test (65% limit) A short Yes/No questions exam access test (65% limit), Final Exam test (65% limit)
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Recommended literature
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Ganong W.F. Rewiew of Medical Physiology. 2005.
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Hruška M. Fyziologie živočichů a člověka, Gaudeamus, H.K.. 1994.
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Langmeier M. Praktická cvičení z Fyziologie, Karolinum, Praha 2000.
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Pokorný J. Přehled Fyziologie člověka I. a II. díl, Karolínum 1995/6 nebo 2001/2002..
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Pravda O. a kol. Zoologie 3. díl.. 1982.
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Romanovský, A. Obecná biologie.. 1985.
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SCHMIDT, RF. Fyziologie. Scientia Medica Praha. 1993.
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Schreiber M. a kol. Funkční somatologie.. 1998.
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Stuart Ira Fox. Human Physiology, WCB McGraw Hill, 1996 and newer Editions.
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Šimek V. et al. Fyziologie živočichů a člověka, P.F., Masarykova Univerzita, Brno. 1996.
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Trojan a kol. Lékařská Fyziologie. Grada 1995/6 nebo 2000.
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WARD, J., LINDEN, R. Základy fyziologie.Bratislava: Galén,s.r.o. ,2010.164s. ISBN 978 - 80 - 7262 - 667 - 0.
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