The aim of the course is to acquaint students with deepening and expanding knowledge of philosophical problems of ethics. The PhD students will be led to a critical evaluation of the contemporary moral consciousness, feeling and behavior of man. Emphasis will be placed on understanding the complex context of generally valid natural principles of morality and on cultivated orientation in ethically problematic plurality of today. The aim is also to point out the fundamental difference between the world of facts and the world of values, thus bringing the most common answers to the question of where to look for the source of our ethical attitudes. On the one hand, the course will theoretically and systematically introduce the main themes of general ethics (the relationship of knowledge and will, the relationship of morality and morality, good and evil, external and internal freedom, conscience, moral law, human dignity, fundamental human rights, environmental ethics etc. ), on the other hand, it is going to bring the process of our moral decision-making into concrete cases. The aim of the course is to point out the differences between the ethics of a private person and the ethical demands of acting in social roles. We will also seek answers to the question "How can the arbitrariness of man be able to endure with the arbitrariness of others according to the general principle of equality?" (Kant). The individual topics we focus on are: 1) General ethical concepts and categories - good and evil, honor and purpose, justice, responsibility, happiness and meaning of life, duty, dedication, solidarity and help, eudaimonism, hedonism, ethical utility, egoism, altruism, moral enthusiasm, reality and transcendentality in morality. 2) Origin and development of morality - moral regulation (social interpersonal regulation and individual self-regulation), human behavior in history, development of morality among different types of regulation of human behavior at present. 3) Morality and freedom of man - external and internal boundaries of moral freedom, freedom and moral conscience, moral values ??and vital interests of man, ethical knowledge and evaluation. 4) Ethics and culture - the problem of naturalization of culture as a system with internal information, the problem of acceptance of biophilic socio-cultural information by the cultural system. Naturalization of technology and material culture, naturalization of science, education. 5) Responsibility - the principle of responsibility, H. Jonas, responsibility in the socio-historical context, collective responsibility, retrospective and prospective responsibility. 6) Suffering, illness and death in human life - thanatology, loneliness, the dilemma of so-called futile care, the purpose of suffering, needs, possibilities and limitations in the need of illness. 7) Environmental ethics - what distinguishes environmental ethics from environmentally friendly life, where the sources of change in our attitudes are the current problems of contemporary environmental ethics.
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