Functional manual medicine is quite new manual method outcomming from other principles than "classical" manual medicine represented for example by Mr. Mennell´s approaches (Mr. Lewit in Czech republic) . Newness of our concept consists in following arguments. Our concept is more physiological because we examine all joints of human body in physiological directions. It means in such directions which are provided by voluntary muscle contractions (flexion - extension, abduction - adduction, ...). Classical manual medicine uses non-physiological directions of movement (shear, translation) for joint examination. Our concept is fully three-dimensional. Examination in physiological directions of movement enables to examine all joints of human body in all planes and around all axes and to get a space (three-dimensional) imagination about joint function. Classical manual medicine is not able to do this in many joints because of anatomical structure. Our concept is more complex. Result of our joint examination in physiological directions of movement is influenced not only by the joint itself but also by surrounding skeletal muscles. We suppose the muscles to play very important role in joint dysfunctions. These advantages mentioned above enabled to create clear rules for description a healthy joint with normal function and a joint suffering from functional blockade and a joint with structural disturbance. We also determined a rule for specification of functional joint blockade direction. It is not enough to claim only that a blockade is present in a joint. We should say consequently in which direction. It is very important not only for diagnostics but for treatment for all. Next we describe muscle patterns for each joint with functional blockade. It represents a typical combination of muscles with hypertonus around a blocked joint. This is the reason why each joint, if blocked, behaves in the same way and shows the same functional affection around all axes available. The rules we describe open a new way to understanding of joint dysfunctions chaining spreading over the whole body. Joint and muscle dysfunctions are visible with naked eye. That is why we can provide diagnostics by movement. Locomotive apparatus is very often influenced by illnesses of inner organs. This influence can be realized in three ways - by the direct contact of the organ with neighbouring joints or muscles, by nerve reflexes mediated by autonomic nervous system and finally by metabolic changes caused by organ disease. Our concept is able to discover these relations and even to treat them. Topics: - diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of individual joints in human body
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