1. Methods of signal measurement and data collection using single-purpose hardware devices and computers of the PC category, Digitization of an analog signal and its reverse reconstruction, the importance of analog circuits in digital signal processing, dynamic measurements (measurement of periodic signals and one-time events, sampling frequency - Nyquist frequency, frequency band of the measured signal ? frequency filters, sampling with a frequency lower than the Nyquist frequency, aliasing error). 2. Analog computers, autonomous measuring systems, distributed measuring systems, PC as a measuring and control unit, ensuring the resistance of computers against failures, virtual measuring systems ? LabView, communication interfaces, data buses, Internet of Things IoT. 3. Measuring boards for PC (their structure and possibilities of use, USB interface), galvanic separation of the measured signal (isolating amplifiers with transformer, capacitive and optoelectronic coupling, conversion of DC signals using U/f and f/U converters), methods of ensuring the linearity of the conversion in the isolation amplifiers, multiplexers (multi-input signal processing), sampling circuits (sample/hold), 4. Instrument amplifier with programmable gain, D/A and A/D converters (principles of using converters, methods of A/D conversion - converters with double integration, converter with successive approximation, parallel converter). Data storage during measurement (data transfer using the interrupt system, data storage in auxiliary memory). 5. Operational amplifiers and their applications for analog signal processing (properties of an ideal operational amplifier, possible sources of interfering signals in real OZs (voltage asymmetry of the input, quiescent input current, current asymmetry of the input, conversion characteristic - conversion speed). 6. Control systems and regulators, basics of regulation and control of technological and laboratory processes, measurement of dynamic signals, signal sampling (block diagram of the regulator - control circuit, discrete, continuous and hybrid control circuit - sampling period in direct digital control, analog controller, distributed systems. 7. Controller types - two-state controller, P, I, PID controller, adaptive controller, stability of the regulated system, system response, traffic delay. 8. Management of technological processes (start-up and shutdown of the process, treatment of emergency situations - real-time system (Watch Dog)). Hardware reliability of the control system ? fault tolerance, industrial computers (vibration protection, cooling with filtration, backup sources). 9. Basics of fuzzy logic for control, difference between binary and fuzzy logic, three-valued logic. Fuzzy set - definition, universe x degree of truth, degree of belonging. Basic operations with fuzzy sets (intersection, union, addition). Application of fuzzy logic, fuzzy logic in control applications (system design procedure - fuzzification, evaluation of rules and criteria, defuzzification (center of gravity method).
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