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Lecturer(s)
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Fišerová Michaela, doc. Mgr. Ph.D.
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Course content
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1) Definition of ethics and its position within philosophical thought. Overlaps of ethics into other areas of human cognition and its interdisciplinary form. 2) The classical period of Greek philosophy. The ethical background of Socrates? conflict with the Athenian community. Plato?s concept of the soul and the motives of human action. Aristotle?s concept of virtue. Implications of mediocrity as a presumption of virtue for human action. 3) Epicureanism and skepticism. Epicurus? justification of self-sufficiency, the dialectic of sorrow and pleasure, ataraxia. Defining the difference between Epicureanism andHedonism. Pyrrhon?s skepticism and the consequences of ethical relativism. 4) Ehtics of Stoicism. Acting in accordance with the idea of order. Seneca?s critique of society. Lucretius? conception of nature as an ancient law. 5) Christian ethics and its relationship to the Jewish and Greek thought tradition. Augustine?s conception of the soul in terms of the relationship between imagination and googness. The Ethical Justification of Poverty Compared to Stoic Tendencies to Asceticism. 6) Renaissance theme of authority and egoism of the ruler: Machiavelly, Hobbes. A flexible conception of human virtue and nature: de Montaigne, La Boétie. 7) Modern ethics of freedom. Enlightenment critique of the social contract: Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau. Freedom and tolerance in the empiricism of Hume and Locke. 8) Spinoza?s ethics of pantheism. The difference between ethics and morality. Reasons for criticizing the religious dimension of morality in Spinoza and Nietsche. 9) Kant?s foundation of ethics on duties.The relationship between the sense of the sublime and the moral law. Problems of imperative-based ethics, ethics of intention and questioning the importance of success. 10) Utilitarian ethics of the 19th century. The difference between Mill?s approach and Bentham?s. Normative regulation of human lives and the social dimension of utilitarianism. 11) Ethics of alterity and pluralitybase on critism of totalitarianism of the 20th century. Traumatic reaction to the Holocaust and various forms of violence: Jaspers, Arendt, Lévinas, Lyotard. 12) Bioethics and ecological ethics of today.Basic differences between biocentric and ecocentric approaches.Defining the role of technology andnature in humanlife:Derrida, Stiegler, Haraway, Burgat.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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unspecified, unspecified, unspecified
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Learning outcomes
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The subject introduces the defning lines of the Euroepan thought tradition from the point of view of ethically oriented philosophy. The subjectoffers a chronological overview of influential ethical thinkers, trends and concepts dealing with human nature, virtue, government, law, freedom, tolerance, utility, duty, nature, violence.
Knowledge of the historical development of ethics Knowledge of thought traditions of ethially oriented philosophy Overview of influential ethical thinkers, directions and concepts
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Prerequisites
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None.
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Assessment methods and criteria
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unspecified
Final quiz.
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Recommended literature
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Anzenbacher Arno. Úvod do etiky. Praha, 1994. ISBN 80-7113-111-3.
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FUCHS Eric. Co dělá naše jednání dobrým?. Jihlava, 2007. ISBN 80-86498-03-4.
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Henriksen, J.O .- Vetlesen, A.J. Blízké a vzdálené. Boskovice, 2000. ISBN 80-85834-85-5.
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Kohák Erazim. Svoboda, svědomí, soužití. Kapitoly z mezilidské etiky. Praha, 2004. ISBN 80-86429-35-0.
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Machovec Milan. Filosofie tváří v tvář zániku. Brno, 1998. ISBN 80-86903-22-2.
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